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小宇宙_WZY:
膜拜一下大神,解决了我一个大问题,非常感谢 orz
【解惑】深入jar包:从jar包中读取资源文件 -
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感谢,遇到相同的问题!
【解惑】深入jar包:从jar包中读取资源文件 -
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为什么java中调用final方法是用invokevirtua ...
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说的都有道理,protected只能被同一级包的类所调用
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【总结】String in Java
全文转载:http://luckaway.iteye.com/blog/557980
作者:luckaway [from javaeye]
网上已经有很多关于redirect和forward区别的文章,更多的都是只是一些概念上的描述,虽然在大多情况下,知道这些就已经足够了。但也有例外:forward not working for struts2,why?我也是在工作中碰到了这个问题,才特意看了下tomcat有关这部分的源代码。深刻的了解下也无妨。
redirect和forward都是属于servlet规范的,不同的servlet容器的实现可能会有一些区别,但原理都是类似的。
redirect和forward的定义:
1. redirect(重定向):服务端发送给客户端一个重定向的临时响应头,这个响应头包含重定向之后的URL,客户端用新的URL重新向服务器发送一个请求。
2. forward(请求转向):服务器程序内部请求转向,这个特性允许前一个程序用于处理请求,而后一个程序用来返回响应。
Redirect的原理比较简单,它的定义也已经描述的很清楚了,我也不想多讲什么,就贴一段简单的代码吧!
org.apache.catalina.connector.Response#sendRedirect(String):
void sendRedirect(String location) throws IOException { if (isCommitted()) throw new IllegalStateException (sm.getString("coyoteResponse.sendRedirect.ise")); // Ignore any call from an included servlet if (included) return; // Clear any data content that has been buffered resetBuffer(); // Generate a temporary redirect to the specified location try { String absolute = toAbsolute(location); setStatus(SC_FOUND); setHeader("Location", absolute); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { setStatus(SC_NOT_FOUND); } // Cause the response to be finished (from the application perspective) setSuspended(true); }
方法行为:先把相对路径转换成绝对路径,再包装一个包含有新的URL的临时响应头,“SC_FOUND”的值是302,就是重定向临时响应头的状态码。如果传入的“location”值不合法,就包装一个404的响应头。
下面就来看看tomcat是如何实现forward的,forward为什么在struts2下会无效(注解:其实是可以设置的)。
先看下程序是如何调用forward的:
req.getRequestDispatcher("testForward").forward(req, resp);
1. 得到一个请求调度器
2. 通过调度器把请求转发过去。
第一步骤,获取请求调度器。
org.apache.catalina.connector.Request#getRequestDispatcher(String)
public RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path) { if (request == null) { throw new IllegalStateException( sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest")); } if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED){ return (RequestDispatcher)AccessController.doPrivileged( new GetRequestDispatcherPrivilegedAction(path)); } else { return request.getRequestDispatcher(path); }
org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade和类org.apache.catalina.connector.Request都是实现了javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest接口,而RequestFacade内部有包装了个Request,对Request的访问做了些控制,应该是代理模式
org.apache.catalina.connector.Request#getRequestDispatcher(String)
public RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path) { if (path.startsWith("/")) return (context.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher(path)); //省略了部分代码 return (context.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher(relative)); }
接下来就转交给ServletContext来处理,ServletContext是web项目的一个上下文,包含所有的Servlet集合,还定义了一些Servlet与容器之间交互的接口。
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext#getRequestDispatcher(String)
public RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path) { //省去部分代码 context.getMapper().map(uriMB, mappingData); //省去部分代码 Wrapper wrapper = (Wrapper) mappingData.wrapper; String wrapperPath = mappingData.wrapperPath.toString(); String pathInfo = mappingData.pathInfo.toString(); mappingData.recycle(); // Construct a RequestDispatcher to process this request return new ApplicationDispatcher (wrapper, uriCC.toString(), wrapperPath, pathInfo, queryString, null); }
该方法里非常关键的一行:context.getMapper().map(uriMB, mappingData)。
Mapper的类定义我不知道如何描述,就贴上原文吧:Mapper, which implements the servlet API mapping rules (which are derived from the HTTP rules)。
不过只想了解forward的原理,熟悉map函数就够了。
org.apache.tomcat.util.http.mapper.Mapper#map(org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.MessageBytes, org.apache.tomcat.util.http.mapper.MappingData):
public void map(MessageBytes uri, MappingData mappingData) throws Exception { uri.toChars(); CharChunk uricc = uri.getCharChunk(); uricc.setLimit(-1); internalMapWrapper(context, uricc, mappingData); }
org.apache.tomcat.util.http.mapper.Mapper#internalMapWrapper(Mapper$Context,org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.CharChunk, org.apache.tomcat.util.http.mapper.MappingData):
private final void internalMapWrapper(Context context, CharChunk path, MappingData mappingData) throws Exception { int pathOffset = path.getOffset(); int pathEnd = path.getEnd(); int servletPath = pathOffset; boolean noServletPath = false; int length = context.name.length(); if (length != (pathEnd - pathOffset)) { servletPath = pathOffset + length; } else { noServletPath = true; path.append('/'); pathOffset = path.getOffset(); pathEnd = path.getEnd(); servletPath = pathOffset+length; } path.setOffset(servletPath); // Rule 1 -- Exact Match Wrapper[] exactWrappers = context.exactWrappers; internalMapExactWrapper(exactWrappers, path, mappingData); // Rule 2 -- Prefix Match boolean checkJspWelcomeFiles = false; Wrapper[] wildcardWrappers = context.wildcardWrappers; if (mappingData.wrapper == null) { internalMapWildcardWrapper(wildcardWrappers, context.nesting, path, mappingData); if (mappingData.wrapper != null && mappingData.jspWildCard) { char[] buf = path.getBuffer(); if (buf[pathEnd - 1] == '/') { /* * Path ending in '/' was mapped to JSP servlet based on * wildcard match (e.g., as specified in url-pattern of a * jsp-property-group. * Force the context's welcome files, which are interpreted * as JSP files (since they match the url-pattern), to be * considered. See Bugzilla 27664. */ mappingData.wrapper = null; checkJspWelcomeFiles = true; } else { // See Bugzilla 27704 mappingData.wrapperPath.setChars(buf, path.getStart(), path.getLength()); mappingData.pathInfo.recycle(); } } } if(mappingData.wrapper == null && noServletPath) { // The path is empty, redirect to "/" mappingData.redirectPath.setChars (path.getBuffer(), pathOffset, pathEnd); path.setEnd(pathEnd - 1); return; } // Rule 3 -- Extension Match Wrapper[] extensionWrappers = context.extensionWrappers; if (mappingData.wrapper == null && !checkJspWelcomeFiles) { internalMapExtensionWrapper(extensionWrappers, path, mappingData); } // Rule 4 -- Welcome resources processing for servlets if (mappingData.wrapper == null) { boolean checkWelcomeFiles = checkJspWelcomeFiles; if (!checkWelcomeFiles) { char[] buf = path.getBuffer(); checkWelcomeFiles = (buf[pathEnd - 1] == '/'); } if (checkWelcomeFiles) { for (int i = 0; (i < context.welcomeResources.length) && (mappingData.wrapper == null); i++) { path.setOffset(pathOffset); path.setEnd(pathEnd); path.append(context.welcomeResources[i], 0, context.welcomeResources[i].length()); path.setOffset(servletPath); // Rule 4a -- Welcome resources processing for exact macth internalMapExactWrapper(exactWrappers, path, mappingData); // Rule 4b -- Welcome resources processing for prefix match if (mappingData.wrapper == null) { internalMapWildcardWrapper (wildcardWrappers, context.nesting, path, mappingData); } // Rule 4c -- Welcome resources processing // for physical folder if (mappingData.wrapper == null && context.resources != null) { Object file = null; String pathStr = path.toString(); try { file = context.resources.lookup(pathStr); } catch(NamingException nex) { // Swallow not found, since this is normal } if (file != null && !(file instanceof DirContext) ) { internalMapExtensionWrapper(extensionWrappers, path, mappingData); if (mappingData.wrapper == null && context.defaultWrapper != null) { mappingData.wrapper = context.defaultWrapper.object; mappingData.requestPath.setChars (path.getBuffer(), path.getStart(), path.getLength()); mappingData.wrapperPath.setChars (path.getBuffer(), path.getStart(), path.getLength()); mappingData.requestPath.setString(pathStr); mappingData.wrapperPath.setString(pathStr); } } } } path.setOffset(servletPath); path.setEnd(pathEnd); } }
可以看到这里有7个匹配Servlet规则:
1. Rule 1 -- Exact Match:精确匹配,匹配web.xml配置的格式如“<url-pattern>/testQiu</url-pattern>”的Servlet
2. Rule 2 -- Prefix Matcha:前缀匹配,匹配的Servlet格式如“<url-pattern>/testQiu/*</url-pattern>”
3. Rule 3 -- Extension Match:扩展匹配,匹配jsp或者jspx
4. ---Rule 4a -- Welcome resources processing for exact macth:
5. ---Rule 4b -- Welcome resources processing for prefix match:
6. ---Rule 4c -- Welcome resources processing for physical folder:
7. Rule 7 --如果前面6条都没匹配到,那就返回org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet。
其实这里真正的匹配的是Wapper,而不是Servlet,因为Wapper最重要的一个属性就是Servlet,说成“匹配Servlet”是为了更容易的表达。
至此返回RequestDispatcher就结束了。
接下来就是讲解RequestDispatcher.forward了。Forward的就不贴出全部的源代码,只贴一些重要的片段,绝大部分的逻辑都在org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher类里。
先描述下过程:
1. 设置request里的部分属性值,如:请求的路径、参数等。
2. 组装一个FilterChain链,调用doFilter方法。
3. 最后根据实际情况调用Filter的doFilter函数或者Servlet的service函数。
注:FilterChain和Filter是两个不同的接口,两个接口的UML
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher#doForward(ServletRequest,ServletResponse):
private void doForward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException //省略了部分代码 // Handle an HTTP named dispatcher forward if ((servletPath == null) && (pathInfo == null)) { //省略了部分代码 } else {// Handle an HTTP path-based forward ApplicationHttpRequest wrequest = (ApplicationHttpRequest) wrapRequest(state); String contextPath = context.getPath(); HttpServletRequest hrequest = state.hrequest; if (hrequest.getAttribute(Globals.FORWARD_REQUEST_URI_ATTR) == null) { wrequest.setAttribute(Globals.FORWARD_REQUEST_URI_ATTR, hrequest.getRequestURI()); wrequest.setAttribute(Globals.FORWARD_CONTEXT_PATH_ATTR, hrequest.getContextPath()); wrequest.setAttribute(Globals.FORWARD_SERVLET_PATH_ATTR, hrequest.getServletPath()); wrequest.setAttribute(Globals.FORWARD_PATH_INFO_ATTR, hrequest.getPathInfo()); wrequest.setAttribute(Globals.FORWARD_QUERY_STRING_ATTR, hrequest.getQueryString()); } wrequest.setContextPath(contextPath); wrequest.setRequestURI(requestURI); wrequest.setServletPath(servletPath); wrequest.setPathInfo(pathInfo); if (queryString != null) { wrequest.setQueryString(queryString); wrequest.setQueryParams(queryString); } processRequest(request,response,state); } } //省略了部分代码 }
wrequest.setContextPath(contextPath); wrequest.setRequestURI(requestURI); wrequest.setServletPath(servletPath); wrequest.setPathInfo(pathInfo); if (queryString != null) { wrequest.setQueryString(queryString); wrequest.setQueryParams(queryString); }
第2步:组装FitlerChain链,根据web.xml配置信息,是否决定添加Filter----
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
<dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
</filter-mapping>
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterFactory#createFilterChain(ServletRequest, Wrapper, Servlet):
public ApplicationFilterChain createFilterChain(ServletRequest request, Wrapper wrapper, Servlet servlet) { //省略部分代码 filterChain = new ApplicationFilterChain(); } filterChain.setServlet(servlet); filterChain.setSupport (((StandardWrapper)wrapper).getInstanceSupport()); // Acquire the filter mappings for this Context StandardContext context = (StandardContext) wrapper.getParent(); FilterMap filterMaps[] = context.findFilterMaps(); // If there are no filter mappings, we are done if ((filterMaps == null) || (filterMaps.length == 0)) return (filterChain); // Acquire the information we will need to match filter mappings String servletName = wrapper.getName(); // Add the relevant path-mapped filters to this filter chain for (int i = 0; i < filterMaps.length; i++) { if (!matchDispatcher(filterMaps[i] ,dispatcher)) { continue; } if (!matchFiltersURL(filterMaps[i], requestPath)) continue; ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = (ApplicationFilterConfig) context.findFilterConfig(filterMaps[i].getFilterName()); if (filterConfig == null) { ; // FIXME - log configuration problem continue; } boolean isCometFilter = false; if (comet) { try { isCometFilter = filterConfig.getFilter() instanceof CometFilter; } catch (Exception e) { // Note: The try catch is there because getFilter has a lot of // declared exceptions. However, the filter is allocated much // earlier } if (isCometFilter) { filterChain.addFilter(filterConfig); } } else { filterChain.addFilter(filterConfig); } } //省略部分代码 // Return the completed filter chain return (filterChain); }
如果是<dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>,那就不添加Filter,默认设置是REQUEST
如果是<dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>,添加Filter到FilterChain。
第3步:调用doFilter或者service,代码删减了很多。
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse):
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)throws IOException, ServletException { internalDoFilter(request,response); } org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain#internalDoFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse) private void internalDoFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException { // Call the next filter if there is one if (pos < n) { filter.doFilter(request, response, this); return; } servlet.service((HttpServletRequest) request,(HttpServletResponse) response); }
<filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher> <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher> </filter-mapping>
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